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THE 


REPOETER'S  ASSISTANT 


BEING  AX 


EXPOSITION  OF  THE  REPORTING  STYLE 


or 


PHONOGRAPHY. 

BY 
ROBEET    PATTERSON. 


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PIITLADELPHIA: 

PUBLISHED   BY    E.    AVEBSTER, 
68  SOUTH  THIRD  STREET. 

1849. 


Entered  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1849,  by 

ROBERT  PATTERSOX, 

in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  for  the  Eastern  District  of 

Pennsylvania. 


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PHILADELPHIA  : 
T.  K.  AND  P.  G.  COLLINS,  PRINTERS. 


P^7 


PREFACE. 


The  present  essay  is  intended  as  a  guide  to  those  who, 
Iiaving  mastered  the  corresponding  style  of  Phonography, 
wish  to  enter  upon  the  study  of  Reporting.  In  the  pre- 
paration of  it,  we  have  kept  constantly  in  view  the  class 
for  whom  it  was  designed.  We  have  assumed  their  ability 
to  write  the  corresponding  style  with  rapidity  and  correct- 
ness; selecting  forms  which  shall  be,  at  the  same  time, 
short  and  legible.  It  seemed  useless,  therefore,  to  clog 
our  work  with  information  on  the  points  of  difficulty  pre- 
sented by  that  style  alone, — to  make  it,  in  any  sense,  a 
consulting  dictionary  of  corresponding  phonography.  In 
a  few  cases,  indeed,  we  have  trenched  upon  this  ground; 
but  our  general  aim  was  simply  to  point  out  wherein  the 
Reporting  differs  from  a  properly  written  Corresponding 
style,  and  to  set  forth  its  distinctive  features  in  a  few 
comprehensive  rules,  deduced  from  a  careful  analysis  of 
Mr.  Pitman's  works  on  the  subject. 

We  cannot  lose  this  opportunity  of  commending  the 
study  of  phonography  to  the  uninitiated  who  may  chance 

44H'^77 


IV  PREFACE. 

to  read  this  preface.  They  would  then  be  convinced, — 
from  its  ease  of  acquisition,  its  complete  legibility,  its 
unrivaled  brevity,  and  above  all  its  sound  philosophical 
basis, — that  it  is  the  most  perfect  system  of  writing  ever 
invented;  before  which  the  present  cumbrous  method 
must  as  surely  give  way,  as  has  the  stage-coach  before  the 
locomotive.  Of  the  several  meritorious  works  already 
before  the  public  on  the  subject,  we  would  recommend 
Prof.  James  C  Booth's  Phonographic  Instructor  as  being, 
from  its  very  complete  series  of  progressive  exercises,  the 
most  practically  useful. 


THE 


REPORT  E  11 'S    ASSISTANT. 


§  1. — The  vowels  are  very  generally  omitted  in  re- 
porting. A  practiced  phonographer,  who  lias  become 
familiarized  with  the  general  appearance  of  words  in  their 
skeleton  outlines,  is  not  put  to  much  inconvenience ,  from 
the  omission  of  their  vowels,  but  still  this  should  not  be 
carried  any  farther  than  the  exigencies  of  reporting  re- 
quire; and,  in  particular,  all  uncommon  words,  proper 
names,  and  words  which  the  context  might  not  enable  us 
to  distinguish  from  others  having  the  same  outline,  should, 
if  possible,  be  vocalized. 

§  2. — The  prefix  dots  for  com,  or  am  and  arcom,  the 
circle  for  circum,  the  adverbial  termination  Jj/,  and  punc- 
tuation, are  also  more  or  less  omitted.  But  these  omissions 
should  not  be  carried  beyond  the  necessities  of  the  case, 
and  the  omission  of  the  prefix  dot,  particularly,  would  in 

1* 


6  THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT. 

some  words  be  apt  to  create  perplexity,  from  the  forms 
being  alike  in  ovitline  with  those  of  other  unvocalized 
words  confusible  in  sense.  Its  insertion  is,  for  this  reason, 
advisable  in  the  following  examples : — commit,  commodi- 
ous, conductor,  condescend,  common,  commence.  (See 
Key  No.  1.) 

The  period  in  punctuation  may  be  intimated  in  the  re- 
port by  writing  the  first  word  of  the  following  sentence  at 
a  greater  distance  than  usual. 

§  3. — Some  assistance  is  given,  in  reading  an  unvocalized 
report,  from  the  positions  in  which  the  skeletons  are  writ- 
ten. These  positions  recognized  in  reporting  are  three. 
A  Iwrizontal  skeleton  is  in  the  first,  second,  or  third  posi- 
tion, according  as  it  is  written  above,  on,  or  slightly  below, 
the  line  of  writing.  A  skeleton  containing  one  or  more 
inclined  inflections,*  is  in  the  fii'st,  second,  or  third  position 

*  We  design  by  the  term  inflection  to  express  not  merely  a  single 
consonant  letter,  but  also  a  half-sized  one,  or  either  of  these  with 
hooks,  loops,  or  circles,  attached  to  them.  Thus  the  words  eat, 
seat,  cities,  station,  seated,  stationed,  taste,  fashion,  as  we  have 
written  them  in  the  Key  (See  No.  2),  contain  each  a  single  inflec- 
tion; diet,  dusty,  direct,  direction;  soberly,  preparation,  have  two 
inflections;  thoroughly,  purpose,  functionary,  have  three.  We  are 
aware  that  the  terra  should,  with  more  propriety,  be  confined  to 
express  what  is  written  with  a  single  bending  or  motion  of  the 
hand,  while  we  have  extended  it  to  inclurle  also  what  is  the  result 
of  a  compound  motion ;  but  as  some  word  was  necessary  to  express 
our  idea,  we  have  chosen  what  seemed  to  us  the  most  suggestive. 


THE   REPORTER  S   ASSISTANT.  7 

according  as  the  first  inclined  inflection  has  its  lowest  por- 
tion resting  slightly  aboYe,  on,  or  below  the  line  of  writing. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  3.) — 1st  Position.  Key,  keen,  keener, 
mingle,  hive,  fine,  life,  rock,  peer,  indeed.  2d  Position.  Oak,  cane, 
money,  wave,  fane,  rake,  loaf,  pair,  ended.  3d  Position.  Cow,  coon, 
manna,  few,  fan,  rack,  laugh,  pure,  no  doubt. 

§  4. — Inclined  skeletons  of  full  length,  and  of  but  one 
inflection,  are  written  in  the  first,  second,  or  third  positions, 
according  as  their  accented  vowel  is  a  first,  second,  or  third 
place  one. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  4.)— Height,  vie,  fee,  heed,  wish,  heap, 
hitch,  jaw,  heath,  ease,  hiss,  raw,  lie.  Oat,  bead,  heavy,  foe,  lay, 
pay,  show,  ray.    Few,  happy,  view,  shoe,  allow,  arrow,  dew,  hatch. 

Exceptions.  1st.  (Key  No.  5.) — Condition,  addition,  this, 
though,  those,  (thus,)*  other,  (whether,)  us,  whole. 

2d.  Where  we  insert  a  vowel  or  prefix  they  will  generally  suf- 
fice to  prevent  any  ambiguity,  and  the  word  may  be  written  in 
the  second  position,  which  is  always  the  most  convenient. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  G.) — Commit,  conceal,  conceive,  conceit, 
conjure,  idea,  wish. 

3d.  The  following  word-signs  of  the  corresponding  style  are 
exceptions,  namely:  Are,  be,  been,  do,  have,  upon,  it,  which,  will ; 
and  also  the  phraseograms  derived  from  the  same,  for  example, 
(Key  No.  7.)  are  as,  it  is,  (it  has,)  it  will,  which  is,  (which  has,) 
which  will. 

4lh.  Skeletons  of  a  single  inflection,  which  include    a   large 

•  Wherever,  in  the  examples,  a  word  or  phrase  following  ano- 
ther is  placed  in  a  parenthesis,  it  is  to  be  understood  that  both  are 
represented  by  the  same  phonographic  outline  and  in  the  same 
position,  so  that  in  the  Key  but  the  single  form  will  be  employed. 


8  THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT. 

aiiiouiit  of  consonant  expression,  may  be  written  in  the  second 
position,  whatever  be  their  accented  vowel.  The  reason  is,  that 
JList  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  consonants  a  word  contains, 
is  the  dilhculty  of  reading  it,  when  unvocalized,  diminished,  and 
no  expedient  of  position  is  required  to  prevent  ambiguity,  by  the 
intimation  of  the  omitted  voweh  Much  difference  will  be  found, 
in  the  best  reporting  style,  in  the  application  of  this  principle  of 
exception;  practice  and  the  discretion  which  it  brings,  will  direct 
us  to  a  proper  judgment,  if  we  keep  in  view,  on  the  one  hand, 
that  the  second  position  is  the  most  natural  and  time  saving,  while 
on  the  other  hand  ambiguity  should  be  sedulously  avoided. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  8.) — Balance,  balanced,  supposition, 
sujtply,  sedition,  civilize,  civilized,  assist,  wisest,  silence,  season. 

§  5. — Inclined  skeletons  of  half  length  and  of  but  one 
inflection^  and  all  horizontal  skeletons,  whatever  the  niun- 
ber  of  their  inflections,  are  written  in  the  fii'st  position  if 
their  accented  vowel  is  first  place,  otherwise  in  the  second 
position.  This  is,  in  fact,  the  same  rule  as  we  adopt  in 
the  corresponding  style. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  9.) — Read,  heard,  (hard,)  writ,  hurt, 
(art,)  till  it,  told,  treat,  uttered,  (toward,)  ar'nt,  (around.)  is  it,  as 
it,  (has  it.)  as  it  is,  has'nt,  quite,  could,  (act,)  mission,  motion, 
inckle,  uncle,  (ancle.) 

Exceptions.  (Key  No.  10.) — Any,  common,  one,  (own,  when,) 
once,  (whence,)  him,  men,  man,  human,  cannot,  objection,  with- 
out. 

It  is  proper  to  add  that,  although  the  above  rule  is  believed  to  be 
fairly  deducible  from  Mr.  Pitman's  present  practice,  yet  he  former- 
ly carried  out  the  principle  of  threefold  position,  to  a  considerable 
extent,  in  writing  the  class  of  words  under  consideration.  Thus 
ammunition,  mention,  mansion  (horizontal  skeletons),  were  written 
in  the  first,  second,  and  third  positions  respectively.      Hungry  and 


THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT.  9 

angry  in  the  second  and  third.  Wherever  the  practitioner  thinks 
an  ambiguity  may  be  avoided  by  the  use  of  the  third  position,  lie 
will  of  course  do  well  to  adopt  it. 

§  6. — Xo  rule  as  to  position  can  be  given  for  words  of 
more  than  one  inflection,  not  being  all  horizontal.  They 
are  generally  vrritten  as  in  corresponding  style,  that  is, 
in  the  second  position;  yet  in  some  cases  it  may  pre- 
vent ambiguity  to  throw  them  into  the  first  and  third 
positions,  according  to  the  place  of  theii'  accented  vowel. 
The  following  examples  may  be  taken  as  illustrations. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  H.) — Pocket,  poked,  packet;  permit, pro- 
mote ;  permission,  promotion  ;  prominent,  permanent;  bitter,  better, 
batter;  beak,  beck,  back  (book);  business,  absence;  drink,  drunk, 
draiik;  except, accept;  lively,  lovely  ;  alliance, holiness, allowance  ; 
into,  unto  (in  it)  ;  indeed,  ended,  no  doubt;  needless,  endless. 

§  7.* — Where  the  present  tense  of  a  verb  ends  in  a 
full  length  inflection,  the  past  tense  is  formed  (if  possible) 
by  halving  that  inflection ;  but  where  the  present  tense 
ends  in  a  half  length  inflection,  we  should  prolong  this  to 
its  full  form,  and  half  size  the  succeeding  t  or  (/,  for  the 
past  tense. 

•  The  rules  in  the  sev€n  succeeding  sections  belong  more  pro- 
perly to  an  explanation  of  the  corresponding  style,  as  at  present 
written,  than  to  reporting,  anrl  we  insert  them  merely  for  the 
guidance  of  those  who  have  had  no  opportunity  of  seeing  speci- 
mens of  the  phonography  published  within  a  year  or  two  past. 


10  THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  12.) — Abate,  abated;  pile,  piled:  term, 
termed;  atone,  atoned ;  caution,  cautioned;  commission,  commis- 
sioned. Part,  parted;  pelt,  pelted;  bend,  bended;  haunt,  haunted ; 
wound,  wounded;  lift,  lifted;  attempt, attempted;  admit,  admitted ; 
treat,  treated. 

§  8. — Where  not  too  inconvenient  choose  that  form  for 

a  skeleton  which  will  leave  not  more  than  one  word-sign 

in  the  same  side  of  an  inflection. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  13.) — Science,  Zion,  palliate,  appropria- 
tion, continuation,  defiance,  valuation,  giant,  deist,  (doest,)  Lewis, 
pious,  situation. 

§  9. — The  word  for^  when  a  prefix  and  not  a  conjunc- 
tion, is  represented  by  /  and  the  r  hook,  and  not  by  the 
word-sign  /. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  14.) — Forgive,  forget,  forgotten,  foresee, 
forsake,  forego,  forewarn.     Forever,  is  an  exception. 

§  10. — Half-sized  p,  h,  ch,  J,  are  not  used  except 
joined  to  another  inflection,  since,  if  standing  alone,  they 
are  apt  to  be  confounded  with  the  simple  vowel  logograms. 

§  11. — ^Where  cr,  gr  follow  ts  or  ds,  the  best  plan  for 

writing  is  to  turn  the  circle  to  the  right,  when  the  addition 

of  r  will  be  implied. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  15.) — Discretion,  disgrace,  discourage, 
discourteous. 


THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT.  1  1 

§  12. — AVliere  n  precedes  str,  scr,  spr,  we  can  best  in- 
dicate it  by  a  hook  initial  to  the  s'r  circle. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  IG.) — Instruct,  inscribe,  inspiration,  in- 
separable. 

§  13. — Where  z  begins  a  word  the  circle  should  not  be 
used  to  express  it. 

Examples. — Zeal,  zenith. 

§  14. — The  phrase  of  the  is  frequently  omitted  in  re- 
porting, but  the  omission  is  intimated  by  writing  the  words 
between  which  it  occurs  closely  together. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  17.) — Liberty  of  the  press,  men  of  the 
world,  songs  of  the  birds,  principles  of  the  party. 

Exceptions. — 1st.  When  there  is  a  pause  in  the  sense  after  the 
word  preceding  the  phrase  of  the, — such  a  pause  as  would  justify 
the  use  of  a  mark  of  punctuation, — the  phrase  should  be  written 
in  full ;  as  in  the  sentence,  "  the  grand  idea  of  humanity,  of  the 
importance  of  man  as  man."' 

2d.  Where  the  phrase  occurs  in  connection  with  a  word  whose 
proper  form  is  also  that  of  a  simple  or  compound  vowel  or  diph- 
thong, the  collocation  necessary  to  intimate  it  would  give  rise  to 
confusion,  and  is  not  allowable.  Such  phrases,  for  example,  as 
liTiat  of  the  night,  or,  ^U  of  the  day,  would,  if  the  words  of  (he 
were  intimated  by  contiguity,  be  no  way  different  in  form  from 
the  words  wont  (noun)  and  awed. 

§  15. — A  curved  consonant  form  made  of  double  the 
usual  length,  indicates,  in  reporting,  the  addition  of  the 
sound  thr. 


12  THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT. 

Examples.      (Key    No.    18.) — Mother,   father,  rather,  leather 
neither,  smoother,  southern,  northern,  thither  (the  other). 


§  IG. — There  are  many  words,  diiFerent  in  meaning, 
•wliich  in  phonography  are  naturally  thrown  into  the  same 
skeleton.  These,  when  unvocalized,  are  in  general  readily 
discriminated  by  the  context.  Sometimes,  however,  from 
a  similarity  or  contrariety  of  sensfe  in  such  words,  an  am- 
biguity might  arise  which  the  context  would  not  serve  to 
remove.  We  may  meet  the  difficulty  in  many  cases  by 
writing  such  similar  skeletons  according  to  the  rule  of 
vowel  position,  where  the  accented  vowels  differ.  In  other 
eases  we  insert  a  characteristic  vowel,  particularly  in  ne- 
gative words  which  have  a  positive,  form  similar  in  skeleton, 
as  repressible,  irrepressible;  legible,  illegible.  And  finally 
we  cut  the  knot  in  other  instances  by  assigning  arbitrarily 
to  one  of  such  words  a  different  outline  from  its  natural 
one,  solely  for  purposes  of  distinction.  The  following  list 
includes  most  of  the  words  classed  under  the  last  head. 

Examples.  (Key  No.  19.) — Propose,  (perhaps,)  purpose;  pro- 
tection, production;  prominent,  permanent,  preeminent;  pronouns, 
pronounce;  princes,  princess;  aboUtion,  ablution ;  train,  turn;  ad- 
dition, adhesion;  destine,  destiny;  desolate,  dissolute;  desolation, 
dissolution;  adulation,  dilution;  idleness,  dulness:  adoration,  deri- 
sion (duration);  countess,  counties;  acquaintance,  cantons;  golden, 
gladden;  felon,  villain;  felony,  villainy;  valuable,  available ;  vio- 
lation, evolution,  valuation;  violent,  valiant;  separation,  suppres- 
sion; east,  west;  eastern,  western;  Saturday,  yesterday:  shade, 
shadow  ;  commissions,  conscience  ;  land,  island,  highland  ;  element, 


THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT.  13 

aliment;  writer,  orator  ;  rhetorical,  oratorical ;  read  (pres.  tense), 
read  (past  tense)  ;  reader,  order ;  ardent,  hardened  ;  risk,  rescue  ; 
hearsay,  heresy;  men,  man;  women,  woman;  manhood,  woman- 
hood ;  in  fact,  in  etTect ;  inseparable,  insuperable.* 

§  17. — The  principle,  already  exhibited  in  the  corre- 
sponding style,  of  constructing  word-signs  by  the  omission 
of  a  portion  of  the  consonant  expression,  is  greatly  ex- 
tended in  reporting  style.  The  following  list  of  words 
and  phrases,  thus  imperfectly  represented,  should  be  fa- 
miliar to  the  reporter,  though  in  following  a  slow  speaker 
he  will  find  most  of  them  unnecessary,  and,  on  the  other 
hand,  when  reporting  a  very  rapid  speaker,  or  on  some 
special  department  of  knowledge,  he  will  be  obliged  to 
invent  new  contractions  on  the  same  principle  of  omission. 
A  well  practiced  phonographer  availing  himself  of  the  aid 
which  the  context  and  memory  afford,  will  safely  omit 
portions  of  words,  and  even  of  sentences,  to  an  extent 
which  would  seem,  to  the  inexperienced,  entirely  to  impair 
the  legibility  of  his  report.  Such  imperfect  reports  should 
of  course  be  speedily  revised  and  filled  in  while  the  me- 
mory is  fresh,  and  more  particularly  so  if  intended  for  the 
perusal  of  another  than  the  writer  himself. 

•  The  words  in  the  foregoing  list  are  arranged  according  to  the 
order  of  their  consonants,  as  referred  to  the  phonetic  alphabet ; 
namely,  p,  b,  t,  d,  ch.j,  &c.  This  is  the  order  we  follow  in  all  our 
long  tables. 

2 


14 


THE   reporter's  ASSISTANT. 


Occasionally  the  same  phonograph  is  adopted  to  repre- 
sent several  words.  In  the  following  table  where  such 
words  occur,  all  having  the  same  root,  we  merely  connect 
the  terminations  with  the  primitive  by  a  hyphen.  Thus 
public-ation-ish-ed  will  signify  that  the  words  public,  pub- 
lication, publish,  and  published,  may  each  be  represented 
by  the  phonograph  in  the  Key.  See  also  the  notes  on 
pages  7  and  13.  It  should  be  likewise  borne  in  mind,  in 
this  connection,  that  the  third  person  singular  of  a  verb, 
or  the  plural  of  a  noun,  represented  by  a  word-sign,  may 
be  expressed  by  simply  adding  to  it  the  circle,  or  (if  the 
word  ah-eady  terminate  in  s)  the  double  circle. 


TABLE  OF  WORD-SIGNS. 


(See  Key  No.  20.)* 


War,  water 
Year,  years 
Yield 

Yet 

Beyond 

While 

People 

Popular-arly 

Public-ationish-ed 

Pecuiiar-arity 

Applicableility 

Plaintiff 

Perfect 


Imperfect 

Perfection 

Imperfection 

Practice-able-ility 

Perpetual 

Preserve-d-ation 

Parliament 

Punishment 

To  be 

Because 

Observe-d-ation 

Remembrance 

Number 

Believe 


Time 

Itself 

Until 

Until  it 

Temperature 

Temperance  society 

Between 

Degree 

Divine 

Different-ence 

Advertisement 

Dependent  ence 

Defendant 

Deficient-ency 


THE  REPORTER  S  ASSISTANT. 


15 


Displeasure 
Destruction 
Distinguish-ed 
Discharge-d 
Disinterested-ness 
Doctor 
Delivered-ry 
Deliverance 
Denomination 
Providential 
Providence 
Provident 
Danger 
Much 
Children 
Jesus  Christ 
Generation 
Regeneration 
Degeneration 
Religion 
Religious 
Capable 
Capability 
Catholic 
Expect-ation 
Extraordinary 
Extravagant 
Subjection 
Difficult-y 
Chrislian-anity 
Character 
Characterise-ters 
Characteristic 
Corresponding  socie- 
ty 
Commercial 

Contrail  istinguish-ed 

Gave,  (together) 

Government 

Glory-ify 

Glorification 

Great  Britain 

G.  B.  and  Ireland 

Agriculture 


For  ever  and  ever 

For  as  much 

For  instance 

Philanthropy-ic-ist 

Viva  voce 

Vice  versa 

Tliank(faithful-ness) 

Thanksgiving 

Speak 

Special 

Especial 

Superficial 

Subordinate 

Substantial 

Subservient-ence 

Satisfyied-actory 

Satisfaction 

Astonish 

Construction 

Suggest-ed-ion 

Scripture 

Description 

Subscription 

Consequential 

Signify 

Significance 

Significant 

Sufficient-ency 

Celestial 

Surprise 

Essential 

Single,  (singular) 

Large 

Liberty  of  the  people 

Familiar 

Learned  friend 

Herself 

Ourselves 

Republic-anation 

Original 

Reformation 

Resurrection 

Responsible 

Resemblance 


Rational-ity 

World 

Impossible-ility 

Impracticable-ility 

My  brethren 

Movement 

Myself 

Himself 

Mistrustful 

Mistake 

Mistaken 

Mr.,  (remark) 

Remarkable 

Manner 

Now 

Knew 

New  Testament 

Not  to  be 

Integrity 

Notwithstanding 

Interpret 

Interpreted 

Interpretation 

Entertain 

Interest 

Introduction 

Internal 

Independent-ce 

Indefatigable 

Individual 

Indispensable 

Wonder-ful 

Unexpected-ly 

Unquestionably 

Neglect 

Infidelity 

Information 

Nevertheless 

University 

Universal 

Universality 

Anniversary 

Invention 

Influence 


16  THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT. 


Influential 
Instruction 
Inscription 


Honorable  member 
Hon.  gentlemen 
In  order  to 


In  order  that 
English,  (thing.) 


§  18. — Phraseography,  or  the  writing  of  several  words 
in  one  skeleton,  must  be  largely  employed  in  phonographic 
reporting.  Much  discretion  and  experience  in  reading 
and  writing  are  required  to  guide  us  in  the  proper  selection 
of  phraseograms  that  may  be  written  with  rapidity  and 
read  with  ease.  A  few  general  instructions  on  the  subject, 
to  be  followed  up  by  a  table  of  carefully  selected  phrase- 
ography, will,  we  hope,  conduce  to  the  formation  of  good 
habits  in  the  practice  of  this  essential  branch  of  the  re- 
porting style. 

1st.  Phraseograms  should  not  be  too  long,  and  should, 
as  it  were,  form  themselves  naturally  without  being  forced. 
For  example,  a  single  outline  including  the  whole  of  the 
sentence,  "  I-think-it-is-better-that-you-should-take- 
some-notice-of-this-charge,"  would  be  possible  but  of 
inconvenient  and  absurd  length.  A  division  of  the  same 
sentence  with  reference  to  phraseography  might  be  made 
thus,  "I  think-it  is-better  that-you  should-take-some 
notice-of  this-charge;"  but  these  phraseograms,  though 
not  of  inconvenient  length,  would  be  forced  and  illegible, 
the  words  being  thrown  together  in  an  unnatural  connec- 
tion. A  more  natural  arrangement,  with  which  the 
phraseograms  in  the  phonography  might  not  improperly 


THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT.  17 

correspond,  is,  "  I-think— it-is-better-that  you-sliould 
take— some— notice  o^this-charge." 

2d.  In  writing  the  simple  vowel  word-signs,  as  parts  of 
phraseograms,  they  are  all  struck  downwards  except  that 
for  should,  which  is  struck  up. 

3d.  The  second  or  upward  half  only  of  the  diphthong 
sign  for  /need  be  struck  in  phraseography.  The  sign  thus 
employed  is  the  same  in  form  with  that  for  on,  but  is 
clearly  distinguished  by  the  difference  of  direction.  If  /, 
however,  precedes  an  I  or  an  m,  it  is  an  allowable  license 
to  strike  i\iQ  first  half,  as  in  I'm,  I'll,  Imay;  the  danger 
of  confusion  with  of,  which  is  similar  in  appearance  and 
direction,  not  being  thought  to  outweigh  the  countervailing 
advantages. 

4th.  Words  or  word-signs  that  begin  a  phraseogram 
must  be  written  in  the  position  they  would  occupy  if 
standing  alone,  whether  fii-st,  second,  or  third  place.  The 
position  of  the  first  word,  therefore,  determines  the  posi- 
tion of  the  skeleton  phraseogram  taken  as  a  whole,  and  it 
often  follows,  as  a  necessary  consequence,  that  the  words 
which  follow  the  initial  one,  are  thrown  into  quite  different 
positions  from  what  they  would  occupy  if  standing  alone. 

Exceptions. — The  word-sign  for  on,  beginning  a  phrase,  may 
be  written  upon  as  well  as  above  the  line,  since  its  downward 
direction  will  distinguish  it  from  should ;  and  the  other  first  place 
vowel  word-signs,  when  prefixed  to  a  full  length  first  or  third  place 
inflection,  or  to  a  half-si/.ed  second  place  oao,  may  be  written  very 

2* 


18  THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT. 

slightly  above  or  below  their  proper  position,  for  the  convenience 
of  indicating  tliat  of  the  inflection  to  M'hich  they  are  joined. 

To  prevent  confusion  from  words  of  contrary  meaning  it  is 
considered  best  that  cannot  should  always,  and  can  should  never 
be  written  in  the  first  position.  In  the  table,  illustrations  of  these' 
classes  of  exception  may  be  found,  in  the  following 

Examples. — Or  their,  or  other ;  on  any  account,  on  no  account, 
on  one  account ;  I  think,  I  thank,  I  do,  I  had,  I  did  not,  I  do  not ; 
we  have,  we  view ;  what  say,  what  use  ;  what  ought  to  be,  what 
it  would  be.     That  can  be,  that  cannot  be,  &c.  &c. 

5th.  It  is  sometimes  allowable,  in  a  phiuseogram,  to 
omit  some  portions  of  a  word,  or  even  whole  words,  where 
the  phrase  embodied  in  the  skeleton  is  of  so  familiar  and 
suggestive  a  kind  that  the  context  will  readily  assist  us  in 
deciphering  it.  In  the  Table  of  Phraseography  will  be 
found  the  following 

Examples.— On  (the)  contrary,  on  (the)  part  (of),  I  have  bee(n) 
there,  you  mus(t)  admit,  for  (the)  mos(t)  part,  in  many  (in)stances. 


TABLE  OF  PHRASEOGRAPHY. 

(See  Key  No.  21.) 


AH  people 

"  particulars 

"  truth 

"  which 

"  that 

"  that  is  said 

"  their 

"  such 

"  "     circumstances 


All  such  things 
"    his 

Of 

"    money 
it 

Ic 

which 

(I 

CI 

"      it  is  not 
advantage 

possible 

l< 

course 

this 


THE  REPORTER  S  ASSISTANT. 


19 


Of  that 

On  one  account 

"  them 

To  it 

"   their 

"    try 

"    such 

"   do 

"   the  same  mind 

"   them 

"  me,  my 

"    some  extent 

'•   my  opinion 

"    a 

great  extent 

"   importance 

"    love 

Or  any  thing  else 

"    th 

e  world 

"   their 

"    many 

"   other 

"    w 

hom 

On  all 

"    man 

"     "    such 

Who 

would 

"     "    subjects 

is  it 

"     "    objects 

"  this 

"     «    sides 

"  that 

"  you 

are 

"   the  part  of 

"    not 

"   account 

may 

"       of 

"     not 

"  the  contrary 

know 

"  so 

'•       not 

"  us 

"      nothing 

"   her 

Should  be 

"  their 

t; 

"  done 

"      "      account 

(( 

do 

"      "     acknowledgment 

u 

think 

"      "     sides 

(t 

remark 

"   the  one  hand 

u 

not 

"     "      "     side 

i( 

"    be 

"     "    other  hand 

CI 

"    have  said 

»    «        "      side 

u 

"    think  that 

"   either  side 

14 

not  say 

"   their  side 

I  hope 

"   the  one  part 

tl         K 

you  will 

"     "    other  part 

C(         <( 

"       "    not 

"  eitlier  part 

((         U 

"    are  quite 

well 

"  their  part 

"do 

"   his  part 

"  had 

"  me,  my 

"  did 

not 

"  my  part 

"  had 

not,  (do  not) 

"     "    account 

"  did 

not  know 

"  any  account 

"  do  not  know 

"   no  account 

"  had  not  known 

20 


THE   reporter's  ASSISTANT. 


I  could 
"      "      not 
"  expect 
" cannot 
"  can 

"  fear  you  will  think  me 
"  have  been 
"     "         "     there 
"     "      called 
"     "      said 
"     "       such 
"     "       shown 
"     "       already 
"     «      made 
"     "      not 
"     "       now 
"  think 
"  thank 

•'  think  you  will 
"  speak 
"  wish 
"  shall 

"      "     not  be  able  to 
"  will 
"  am 
"    «    not 
"  know 
"      "      not 

"      "      that  there  will  be 
"       "        "    there  is  much 
•'  need  not  point  out 
"     "       "    observe 
"     "       "    take  notice 
"     "       "    remark 
"     "     no  more 
How  could 
"         "       you 
"      can 
"      is  this 
"      "  that 
"      "  it 


(C 


may 


you 
there 


How  many 

"      must 

You  would 

«       not 
«       be 
"    can 
"      "    not 
"    could 
"        "       not 
"    have 

"     not 
"    should 
"         "       not 

"    be 
Yourself 
Yourselves 
You  are 
"      "    not 
"    will 
"       "     not 
"       "     no  doubt 
"    may  be 
"       "     think 
"    must 
"        "     admit 
«        «     have 
"        "     now 
We  were 
"     do 
"     did 
"       "     not 
"     had  not,  (do  not) 
"     have 
"     view 
"     have  said 
"      seen 
"      not 
"     think 
"     find 
"     shall 
"     will 
"        "    not 
"     are 
"       "    not 


THE   REPORTER  S  ASSISTANT. 


21 


With 

it 

By  which  it  can  be 

a 

which  you  may  be 

It 

"       «  is,  (has) 

a 

"         "    are  acquainted 

11 

"       "  has  been 

u 

"       it  is,  (has) 

11 

such 

11 

"        "  "  not,  (has  not) 

11 

every  means 

a 

"       "  has  been 

K 

this  time 

a 

"       "  may  be 

(I 

that 

{( 

this 

11 

their 

(t 

that 

It 

some 

11 

them 

It 

"      men 

(1 

themselves 

11 

"      means 

Were  we 

It 

me,  (my) 

u 

that 

It 

many 

(( 

this 

About  it 

(( 

they 

«      its 

What  is 

Because  it  is 

(1 

with,  (were) 

Brought  forward 

(( 

would 

Ought  to 

u 

"      be 

It 

would,  (two  forms) 

tc 

"      do 

11 

"       be  well 

» 

could  be 

11 

"       not  be 

(1 

"      not  possibly 

11 

should  not  be  said 

IC 

ought  to  be 

11 

could  be 

C( 

it  would  be 

II 

can 

(( 

if 

11 

"    be 

tc 

say 

II 

takes  some  time 

(C 

use 

11 

seems  to  me 

(( 

say  you 

11 

is  perhaps 

(C 

are 

It 

"   loo,  (to) 

Would  you 

II 

"    to  be 

u 

be 

II 

has  been 

u 

do 

II 

"       "      said 

11 

not  have  said 

II 

is  observed 

11 

man 

11 

has  been  observed 

11 

monoy 

ti 

is  doubtless 

<i 

never 

11 

"  such 

11 

"  generally 

People  of  this  country 

11 

"  clearly 

It 

"  God 

II 

"  gooil 

Be  able 

11 

"  very  strange 

It 

"     to 

11 

"  as 

"   said  to 

II 

«  said 

11 

"     "   be 

11 

"  seen 

By  which 

It 

"  soon  done 

22 


THE   REPORTER  S  ASSISTANT. 


(1    (1 


It  is  certain  that 
"    "  written 
"    «  also 
"    "  always  said 
"    "  rather 
"    "  reported 

my  opinion 
"   "  much 
"    "  no  use 
"    "  no  doubt 
"   "  indeed 
"    "  now 

"   "     "     under  consideration 
"    "  not 

"    "     "    that  you  are 
"   «  only 
"  may 

"  might  not  be  well 
"  will  perhaps 
"      "     be 

"      "      "    remembered 
"      "     take  some  time 
"      "     do 
"      "     very  soon 
"     "     not 
"      "      "    be 
Time  to  time 

"      after  time 
At  present 
"    their 
"    that  time 
"    his 
"    once 

"    the  same  time 
"    such 
"    his  house 
Takes  place 
Take  part 

"      it  down 

"      care 
Till  it 
Until  it 
Until  it  is  done 


Till  his 
Until  his 
Truth  of  God 
True  God 
Contrary  to 
Do  they 
"     this 

Due  consideration 
Had  had 
"     been 
Does  not 
Each  other 
Which  would 

"  "       not  have  been 

"      happened 

"       had  had 

"      could  be 

"      can  be 

"    not  be 

"      ought  to  be 

"      is,  (has) 

"       has  been 

"       is  meant 

"       "  not,  (has  not) 

"       "  only 

"      are 

"       may 

"         "      not 

"       might 

"  "      not 

"       must  be  done 

"      it  would  not  be 

"       "  can 

"      will 

«         "     not 

"         "     be  done 
Much  as 
"       more 
"  "      than 

Justice  of  God 

"       "    tlie  peace 
Justices  of  the  peace 
Quite  possible 


THE   REPORTER  S  ASSISTANT. 


23 


Quite  satisfactory-fied 
"      as  well 
"     agree 
Could  be  done 

"      not  be  done 
Can  have  done 

"     not  have  done 
Give  this 
"     that 
"     me 
Great  applause 
"      advantage 
"      extent 
If  you 
"    this 
"    that 
"    the  other 
='    his 
"    it 

"    "  were  only 
"    "be  not 
"    "  is  not 
"    "    "  possible 
"    "    "  thought 
For  which 
"         "       it  is,  (has) 
"         "       "  is  not,  (has  not) 
"         "       "  has  been 
"    such  are 
"       "       «    not 
"       "     as  would 
"       "      "  could 
"     some  time 
"        "     reason  or  other 
"    the  benefit  of 
"      "    good  of 
"    his  own  sako 
"    the  most  part 
Few  persons 
Afterwards 
After  which 

"      that 
From  you 
"      tliem 


From  that  time 
Have  you 

"     been  done 
"        «      there 

"     determined 

"     shown 

"     not 
Very  good 

"      great 

"      certain 

"      soon 

"      well 

"      much 
Ever  has  been 

"     was 
Every  man 
Over  the  world 
Think  that 

"      you  are 
Thank  you 
They  were 

"       do,  (had) 

"       had  had 

"      do  not,  (had  not) 

"      have  been 

"       that 

"      will 

"       are 

"       might  not 
Without  it 

"        at  least 
"        such 
That  time 

"     it  is,  (has) 

"     it  is  to  be 

"      "  has  been 

"     at  some  time 

"     which  is  not 

"  "      can  be 

"  "      cannot  be 

"     have  not 

'•     that 

"     will 

"     is  so 


24 


THE  REPORTER  S  ASSISTANT. 


That  is  not  necessary 
"      "  only 
"     "  such 
"     were 
This  place 
"     clay,  (do) 
"     advantage 
"     world 
"     no  douljt 
•'     opinion 
"     represents 
"     only  tends 
"     is,  (themselves) 
"      "  well  known 
"      "  a  well-known  fact 
"     opinion 
There  would  not  be 
"      ought  to  be 
"      can  be 
"        "    not  be 
"      could  not  be 
"      is,  (has) 
"      has  been 
"      is  very  little  doubt 
"       "  no* 
"       "    "  more 
"      "  not,  (has  not) 
"      was 
"         "     not 
"       shall 
"         "     not  be 
'•      will  be 
'•         "     not  be 
"      must  be 
Therefore 
Say  to 
So  as  to 

"    "    "  make  it  appear 
"    «    "  be 


So  as  to  do 
"  that 
"   very  little 
"   much  so 
"   many  as  to 
Such  would  be 
"       as,  (is) 

"    "  to  be 
"        "  it  seems 
"      can 
"      could 
"      as  was 
Something 

"  has  been 

Since  that 
"  this 
Was  to  be 
"  good 
"  sent 
"     as 

"      "  it  should  be 
"     not  there 
"       "    so 
"     neither 
Is  it 

"  "  not  possible 
"   "     "    observed 
"  "     "    more 
"   "     "    certain  that 
"  "  impossible 
"  not,  (two  forms) 
"     "    that 
As  it,  (has  it) 
"    "  is,  (has) 
"    "  is  in  heaven 
"    "  has  been 
Has  it  not  been 

"     not,  (two  forms) 
Is  as,  (is  his) 


"  This  skeleton  should  not  be  used  for  there  is  one,  for  fear  of 
confusing  the  sense,  when  unvocalized. 


THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT. 


25 


As  is,  (as  his,  as  has) 
Has  been 

"        "     made 

"     had 
As  much 
"        "      as 
"        "       "  possible 
"    good 
"       "     as 
"    great 
"        "     as 
"    if  it 
"    "    "  were 
«    far 
"     "    as 
"    well 
"       "     as 
"       "      "    possible 
"       "      "    here 
"       "      "    there 
"       "      "    any  other 
"    little  as 
"       "      "  possible 
"    many  as 
"        "       "  possible 
"    soon  as 
"       "      "  possible 
Shall  be 
"     not  be 
"     find 
Will  be 

"      "  found 
"     have  done 
"     be  considered 
"     not 
"       "    be 
Let  it 

"     "  be 

"    us 

"     "  proceed 

«     "  have 

"     "  see 

"     "  now 

"     "  know  this 


Let  us  never 
Little  consideration 
Ladies  and  gentlemen 
Holy  Scripture 
Are  you 
"      "    sure 
"    sometimes 
"    not 
Hereafter 
Worthy  member 
World  to  come 

"      of  fashion 
May  appear 
"     be  done 
«     this 
"     as  well 
"     not,  (am  not) 
"       "    be 
"       "    have 
Might  not 

"        "    be  able  to 
Must  be 
"     try 
"     consider 
"     come 
"     improve 
"     not  be 
Most  happy 
"     certainly 
"     important 
Many  of  them 
"      times 
"      things 
More  and  more 
In  all 
"    "    this 
"    "    that 
"  it 

"  to  consideration 
"  consequence  of 
"  like  manner 
"  fact 
"  effect 
"  this  part  of  the  world 


26 


THE  REPORTER  S  ASSISTANT. 


In  this  sense 

Any  part 

"  as  much 

"     body 

"  such 

"     more 

"  his 

No  one 

"  the  world 

"    part 

"     '=    course  of 

"    body 

"  order  that 

"    reason 

"      "      to 

"    more 

"      "      that  you  may  be  able  to 

"       "      time 

"      "      to  make  it  appear 

Not  to  be 

"       "       "  explain 

"    that 

"  the  first  place 

"    quite 

"    "     second  place 

"    only 

"    "     third  place 

United  States 

"    "     next  place 

"       kingdom 

"    "     last  place 

Nor  were  they 

"    "     name  of 

"     is  this 

"  my,  (me) 

Manner  in  which 

"  many  particulars 

«      it  takes 

"       "      instances 

"         «       «       "  acts 

Any  thing 

"       of  its  action 

(26) 


§  19.— EXERCISE  ON  REPORTING  WORD-SIGNS.* 

(See  Key  No.  22.) 

The  celestial  character  of  every  distinguished  Christian,  is  de- 
pendent for  its  construction  on  different  circumstances.  His  dis- 
charge of  duty  under  every  description  of  danger  and  difficulty, 
developes  his  extraordinary  and  characteristic  disinterestedness, 
and  that  in  the  midst  of  the  extravagant  displeasure  with  which 
bad  men  circumscribe  and  circumvent  him.  The  advantages  of 
our  divine  religion  are  angelic,  indispensable,  and  essential,  be- 
cause they  are  capable  of  preparing  men  for  heaven.  It  is  espe- 
cially essential  to  the  establishment  of  the  Christian  character,  to 
entertain  familiar  and  forgiving  dispositions  to  the  faithful  genera- 


•  Refer  to  §  17.    This  exercise  is  from  the  Reporter's  Magazine, 
1847,  p;  148. 


THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT.  27 

tion  of  their  brethren.  The  interpretation  of  Holy  Scriptures,, 
whether  intellectual  or  however  imperfect,  is  unquestionably  in- 
fluential to  a  number  of  individuals,  who  observe  the  information 
at  that  time  obtained.  The  religious  observances,  peculiarities 
and  practices,  which  characterize  Christians  of  the  above  descrip- 
tion, render  their  characters  perfectly  original,  and  notwithstanding 
a  number  of  their  movements  are  misrepresented  and  mistaken, 
they  are,  nevertheless,  in  consequence  of  their  indefatigable  in- 
tegrity, preserved  by  the  influence  of  a  philanthropic  Providence 
for  a  kingdom  in  the  world  to  come.  The  Christian  republican, 
responsible  to  his  governor  for  a  rational  subjection  and  sober 
resemblance  to  him,  is  subservient  and  subordinate  to  the  singular 
suggestions  and  surprising  information  and  significant  instruction 
of  Holy  Scripture.  In  the  temperance  society,  of  which  he  is  a 
member,  he  obtains  an  introduction,  and  that  not  unexpected,  to  a 
sober,  satisfying,  celestial  resurrection  in  the  world  to  come,  the 
essential  characteristic  of  this  resurrection  being,  a  universal  won- 
der and  thanksgiving. 


§  20.— EXERCISE  ON  PHRASEOGRAPHY. 

(See  Key  No.  23.) 

Natche. — As  far  as  nature  appears  or  can  be  explored,  it  is 
wonderful  in  all  its  forms  and  operations.  It  is,  indeed,  worthy 
of  the  wisdom  as  well  as  the  goodness  of  the  Creator,  who  is  as 
great  as  he  is  gracious,  and  as  good  as  he  is  glorious.  Nature  in 
most  of  its  objects  pleases  the  eye  at  the  same  time  that  it  grati- 
fies the  heart.  Are  not  the  flowery  scenes  of  spring  fair?  I 
have  seen  the  rose  in  its  loveliness;  I  have  been  in  the  presence 
of  the  dew-spangled  lily;  I  have  had  before  me,  at  once,  a  crowd 
of  nature's  beauties;  and  I  felt  a  joy  with  which  it  is  not  possi- 
ble to  be  affected  amidst  the  boasted  works  of  art.  I  am  fond  of 
nature.  I  love,  and  particularly  in  spring,  to  enjoy  its  sweets. 
Yet  nature,  also  in  other  seasons,  has  its  charms,  which  must  not 
be  passed  over  without  observation.  View  summer  in  her  prime, 
or  accompany  her  as  soon  as  she   recommends  herself  by  her 


28  THE  reporter's  assistant. 

full-blown  splendor.     Take,  then,  as  soon  as  possible,  your  morn- 
ing walks.     You  could  not   enjoy  a  pleasure  more  invigorating 
than  this;  and,  therefore,  if  it  is  but  for  an  hour,  you  should  not 
forego  it.     If  it  be  good  for  us  to  take  exercise,  it  would  be  best 
to  do  so  with  the  rising  mo0n.     I  have  done  it,  and  I  have  not 
done  it  in  vain.     Why  speak   of  ease?     You  are  not  made  for 
sloth,  and  you  will  not   be  commended  for  indulging  it.     Nature 
is  active.     Its   operations   seem  to  urge  us  to  exertion.      Many 
there  are,  and  yet  many  there  are  not,  who  profit   by  copying 
nature  in  its  active  powers.     It  is  said  that  nature  is  bleak  and 
forbidding  in   some  of  the  parts  and   properties  with  which  it 
is  furnished.     I  do  not,  I  am  .not,  indeed,  inclined,  in  a  certaia 
sense,  to  deny  this.     If  it  had  not  been  so,  variety  and  contrast 
could  not  be  enjoyed.     Nature,  in  winter,  may  be  desolate  and 
deterring,  but  it  is  not,  nor  ought  it  to  be  void  of  interest  to  us. 
Has  the  howling  blast  or  the  drifted  snow,  no  charms  to  the  con- 
templative  mind  ?     It  must  not  be  thought  that  it  has  not.     Va- 
riety is  agreeable.     For  instance,  spring  comes  immediately  after 
winter,  and  it  is  on  this  account  a  more  pleasant  change  than  that 
which  it  would  have  been,  had  this  not  been  the  case.     When 
spring  returns  we  observe  a  striking  contrast  introduced  to  our 
view,  and  it  may  be  in  some  measure  owing  to  this  circumstance, 
that  we  are  charmed  with  its  arrival.     You  must  have  noticed 
the  rugged  rock,  and  the  steep  sterile  mountain.    Some  may  think 
that  these  ought  not  to  have  been  made,  or  that  they  might  have 
been    done   without   in   nature's    field,   since    it  would  be  more 
uniform  if  they  could  be  removed  from  our  view.     This,  as  far 
indeed  as  we  can  judge,  must  be  a  mistaken  notion.     In  having 
no  mountains,  no  rocks,  no  caverns,  nature  could  not  be  complete, 
or  what  we  think  it  should  be.     In  such  case,  we  should  have 
to  lament  the  want  of  many  things  which  to  have  is  now  amongst 
our  greatest  blessings,  and  of  which  it  may  be  difficult  to  say,  if 
we  were  deprived  of  them,  what  we  should  do  to  sustain  or  re- 
pair the  loss.     Besides,  where  would  be  that  magnificent  scene,'/ 
and  those  lovely  prospects  which  are  such  striking  illustrations 
of  the  power  and  goodness  of  the  Deity  f 


THE   REPORTKR's  ASSISTANT.  29 

§  21.— SPEECH  OF  LAMARTINE. 

JJEI-ITERED  IX  THE  NATIONAL  ASSEMBLT  OF  FRANCE. 

(An  Exercise  for  Practice.     See  Key.)* 

The  question  has  been,  for  the  last  two  days,  not  only  to  decide 
whether  the  President  of  the  Republic  shall  be  elected  by  the 
people  or  by  the  National  Assembly,  but  also  whether  there  shall 
be  a  President  at  all,  what  shall  be  the  form  of  his  government, 
whether  it  shall  be  in  one  or  more  hands,  if  it  shall  be  arbitrarily 
subject  to  the  opinion  of  the  majority,  if  it  shall  be  triennial  or 
quinquennial.  All  these  points  have  been  called  in  question. 
Just  now  it  has  been  recommended  to  us  to  constitute  a  temporary 
and  transitory  power.  To  the  question  whether  the  republic  shall, 
or  shall  not,  have  a  President,  I  shall  only  reply  by  a  very  few 
words.  I  refer  to  history,  and  I  see  that  all  French  assemblies — 
all  those  who  have  seriously  wished  to  constitute  a  government — 
have  admitted  and  sought  to  carry  into  practice  that  distinction  of 
functions.  The  question  is  one  of  functions,  and  they  must  be 
distinct.  I  see,  on  the  other  hand,  the  Long  Parliament  and  the 
Convention  taking  in  hand,  not  only,  as  was  just  now  recommended, 
the  legisfative  and  the  executive  power,  but  also  the  only  other 
power  necessary  to  complete  tyranny — the  judicial  power,  and 
thus  giving  an  idea  of  what  has  been  called,  a  unitary  power.  I 
invoke  that  example,  and  I  tell  you,  that  if  you  think  the  necessi- 
ties of  the  country  demand  tliat  terrible  intensity — that  power 
which  is  to  be  met  with,  not  as  an  appeal,  but  as  a  scarecrow  in 
our  history — carry  the  principle  out.  Assume  also  the  judicial 
power,  and  then  call  yourselves  by  your  true  name,  call  yourselves 
tlie  reign  of  terror.  You  will  not  do  so.  The  country  does  not 
wish  it,  and  it  is  right.     (Hear,  hear,  and  agitation.)     I  will  now 

•  This  specimen  of  reporting  style  is  taken  from  the  Reporter's 
Magazine,  Dec.  1848,  and  is  by  T.  A.  Reid,the  leading  phonogra- 
phic reporter  of  Great  Britain,  and  now  sole  editor  of  the  above 
journal. 

3» 


30  THE   reporter's  ASSISTANT. 

say  something  of  another  form  of  government — that  of  committees. 
The  danger  of  that  form  is  its  irresponsibility.     The  government 
of  committees  has  another  inconvenience.     Governments  of  se- 
veral heads  are  always  weak.    I  now  come  to  the  question  which 
has  more  particularly  excited  my  attention:  the  form  of  nomina- 
tion of  the  President,  by  you  or  by  the  country.     The  people,  be 
it  remembered,  are  jealous— such  was  at  all  times  their  nature; 
and    susceptible— for    they  had  been  so  often  betrayed.     Well, 
then,  l^t  it  not  be  attempted,  in  this  question  of  the  Presidentship, 
to  give  the  people  reason  to  suppose  that  we  want  to  deprive  them 
of  their  right  of  election.     Let   that  right  be  accorded  to  them 
largely,  fully,  and  sincerely,  without  any  reservation,  and  without 
any  desire  to  keep  anything  back  from  them.    Be  sure  that  if  the 
President  of  the  Republic  is  elected  by  the  National  Assembly,  it 
will  be  said  that  he  is  the  privileged  man  of  the  Assembly,  that 
he  is  the  favorite  of  the  Parliament.     This  executive  power  will 
be  no  longer  the  beacon  of  the  nation.     He  will  be  no  more  than 
the  hand  to  mark  the  hour  of  your  wills  and  of  your  caprices. 
It  may  be  said,  "You  are  going  to  review  the  parties  which  devour 
France;  you  are  going  to  take  the  great  census,  to  recruit  from  all 
the  anti-rep-ublican  parties;  you   are   going   to  unite   legitimists, 
Orleanists,  &c. ;  you  are  going  to  make  this  census,  and  yet  you  do 
not  tremble."     I  reply  that  it  is  ridiculous   to  feel   any  concern 
about  some  tew  votes  which  may  be  thrown  away  on  names  of 
men  who  have  lost  their  quality  as  citizens.     I  declare  that  these 
men  will    not   present   themselves.     What!  gentlemen,  do  you 
believe  that  these  men  who  reside  in  a  foreign   land  would  not 
consider  it  as  an  abdication  of  their  divine  right,  if  they  were  to 
come  and  put  forward  a  candidateship  of  a  few  years— a  precarious 
candidateship  ?     What !  that  government  which  had  all  the  means 
of  power,  and  which  rather  fell  of  itself  than  was  overthrown, 
would  it  endeavor  to  return,  at  the  end  of  six  months,  concealed 
in  a  ballot  box?     No!  the  thing  is  impossible.     But  if  that  is  im- 
possible with  regard  to  the    two    dynasties  which   I   have  just 
alluded  to,  is  it  not  equally  so  for  another  f     What  occupies  all 
minds  is  the  fear  that  the  fanaticism  of  certain  men  may  mistake 
a  duty,  and  attaching  themselves  to  the  heirs — I  do  not  say  of 


THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT.  31 

Other  persons'  glory,  for  glory  is  a  matter  to  which  relatiorjship 
gives  no  right — but  to  that  fame  which  carries  away  so  easily  a 
nation  like  ours,  may  create  what  yon,  and  what  I  myself  look  on 
as  a  danger.  Is  such  a  danger  real?  I  cannot  say.  It  is  not  given 
to  me,  more  than  to  you,  to  lift  up  the  veil  of  the  future.  But 
permit  me  to  say  that  I  am  convinced  that  the  heirs  of  whom  I 
speak,  do  not  think  of  any  attempt  at  usurpation.  They  have 
declared  it  themselves  in  this  tribune,  and  I  believe  their  words 
as  honest  men.  The  real  danger  of  the  republic  of  February,  is 
its  passage  through  the  perilous  reflux  which  follows  all  revolu- 
tions. I  will  not  affirjn  that  France  is  not  republican.  I  am 
perfectly  convinced  that  if  France  is  not  yet  republican  by  her 
habits,  if  she  is  still  monarchical  by  her  vices,  she  is  republican 
by  her  ideas.  For  some  months  back  the  universal  confidence  at 
first  felt  has  been  changed  into  a  distrust,  into  a  kind  of  disaffec- 
tion. Whence  arose  that  change?  The  days  of  May  and  of  June, 
the  embarrassment  of  our  financial  crisis,  the  general  distress,  the 
difficulties  of  tlie  situation,  all  served  to  bring  it  about.  Every 
one  contributed  to  it.  Some  wished  to  exaggerate  their  republican 
zeal,  to  carry  it  too  far.  Others  said  to  the  people,  "  Behold,  the 
republic  is  the  subversion  of  family  ties  and  property;  it  is  ca- 
lumny and  violence,  pursuing  the  best  citizens  by  false  denuncia- 
tions." From  department  to  department,  from  one  country  district 
to  another,  these  declarations  were  made.  And  thus  it  was,  by 
calumnious  assertions,  that  all  enthusiasm  was  cooled,  all  affection 
for  the  republic  lessened.  And  is  it  in  such  a  state  of  things  that 
we  are  recommended  to  declare  to  this  country,  in  so  great  a  pro- 
portion set  against  the  republic,  that  we  deprive  it  of  the  exercise 
of  its  sovereignty ;  that  we  banish  it  from  its  own  republic,  as, 
for  thirty  four  years,  nineteen  out  of  every  twenty  electors  were 
banished  under  the  monarchy.  If  I  wanted  to  throw  discredit  on 
the  republic,  I  could  not  invent  anything  that  could  prove  more 
fatal  to  it.  I,  for  my  [)art,  maintain  that  a  President  nominated 
by  the  Assembly  would  not  be  anything  else  than  a  part  of  the 
Assembly,  and  not  a  distinct  function,  and  that  the  existence  of 
such  a  power  would  still  more  tend  to  weaken  the  respect  of  the 
people  for  the  chief  power.     Universal  suffrage  alone  can  give  it 


33  THE  reporter's  assistant. 

strength.  I  believe  firmly  in  the  incorruptibility  of  the  mass  of 
the  citizens;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  I  have  no  doubt  that  un- 
worthy motives  would  be  attributed  to  the  members  of  the  As- 
sembly. If  there  are  dangers  in  consulting  the  masses,  if  the 
multitude  can  be  fascinated  and  led  away,  we  shall  perhaps 
perish.  (No!  no!)  I  say  "perhaps."  But  should  the  republic 
perish,  and  we  with  it,  we  will  exclaim,  with  the  conquered  hero 
of  Pharsalia,  "Victrix  causa  diis  placuil,  sed  victa  Catoni,"  and 
posterity  shall  be  our  judge.  (Loud  applause,  which  lasted  for 
some  time.} 


§  22.— FICTION.* 

(An  Exercise  for  Practice.     See  Key.) 

The  influence  of  works  of  fiction  is  unbounded.     Even  the 
minds  of  well-informed  people  are  often  more  stored  with  charac- 
ters  from  acknowledged  fiction  than  from  history  or  biography  or 
the  real  life  around  them.     We  dispute  about  those  characters  as 
if  they  were  realities.     Their  experience  is  our  experience.     We 
adopt  their  feeUngs  and  imitate  their  acts,  and  so  there  comes  to 
be  something  traditional  even  in  the  management  of  the  passions. 
Shakspeare's  historical  plays  were  the  only  history  to  the  Duke  of 
Marlborough.     Thousands  of  Greeks  acted  under  the  influence  of 
what  Achilles  or  Ulysses  did  in  Homer.     The  poet  sings  of  the 
deeds  that  shall  be.     He  imagines  the  past;  he  forms  the  future. 
Yet  how  surprisingly  interesting  is  real  life  when  we  get  an 
insight  into  it.     Occasionally  a  great  genius  lifts  up  the  veil  of 
history,  and  we  see  men  who  once  really  were  alive,  who  did  not 
live  only  in  history,  or  amidst  the  dreary  page  of  battles,  levies, 
sieges,  and  their  sleep-inducing  weavings  and  unweavings  of  po- 
litical  combination.     We   come,  ourselves,  across  some  spoken  or 
written  words  of  the  great  actors  of  the  time,  and  are  then  fascin- 
ated  by  the  reality  of  these  things.     Could  you  have  the  life  of 
any  man  really  portrayed  to  you,  sun-drawn,  as  true;  its  hopes,  its 


•  From  the  Reporter's  Magazine  for  February  1849. 


THE   reporter's  ASSISTANT.  33 

fears,  its  revolutions  of  opinion  in  each  day;  its  most  anxious 
wishes  attained,  and  then,  perhaps,  erystalizing  into  its  blackest 
regrets;  such  a  -work  would  go  far  to  contain  all  histories,  and  be 
the  greatest  lesson  of  love,  humanity  and  tolerance,  that  men  had 
ever  read. 

Now  fiction  does  attempt  something  like  the  above.  In  history 
we  are  cramped  by  important  facts,  that  must,  however,  be  set 
down ;  by  theories  that  must  be  answered,  evidence  that  must  be 
weighed,  views  that  must  be  taken.  Our  facts  constantly  break 
off  just  where  we  should  wish  to  examine  them  most  closely. 
The  writer  of  fiction  follows  his  characters  into  the  recesses  of 
their  hearts.  There  are  no  closed  doors  for  him.  His  puppets 
have  no  secrets  from  their  master.  He  plagues  you  with  no 
doubts,  no  half  views,  no  criticism.  Thus  they  thought,  he  tells 
you;  thus  they  looked;  thus  they  acted.  Then,  with  every  oppor- 
tunity for  scenic  arrangement  (for,  though  his  characters  are  con- 
fidential with  him,  he  is  only  as  confidential  with  his  reader  as 
the  interest  of  the  story  will  allow),  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at 
that  the  majority  of  readers  should  look  upon  history  as  a  task, 
and  tales  of  fiction  as  a  delight. 

The  greatest  merit  of  fiction  is  one  so  ably  put  forward  by  Sir 
James  Mackintosh,  namely,  that  it  creates  and  nourishes  sympathy. 
It  extends  this  sympathy,  too,  in  directions  where,  otherwise,  we 
hardly  see  when  it  would  have  come.  But  it  may  be  objected 
that  this  sympathy  is  indiscriminate,  and  that  we  are  in  danger 
of  mixing  up  virtue  and  vice,  and  blurring  both,  if  we  are  led  to 
sympathize  with  all  manner  of  wrong-doers.  But,  in  the  first 
place,  virtue  and  vice  are  so  mixed  in  real  life,  that  it  is  well  to 
be  somewhat  prepared  for  that  fact.  And,  moreover,  the  sym- 
pathy is  not  wrongly  directed.  Who  has  not  felt  intense  sympathy 
for  Macbeth'?  Yet  could  he  be  alive  again  with  evil  thoughts 
against  "the  gracious  Duncan,"  and  could  see  into  all  that  has  been 
felt  for  him,  would  that  be  an  encouragement  to  murder?  The 
intense  pity  of  wise  people  for  the  crimes  of  others,  when  rightly 
represented,  is  one  of  the  strongest  antidotes  against  crime.  We 
have  taken  the  extreme  case  of  sympathy  being  directed  towards 
bad  men.     How  often  has  fiction  made  us  sympathize  with  ob- 


34:  THE   reporter's  ASSISTANT. 

scure  suffering,  and  retiring  greatness:  with  the  world-despised, 
and  especially  with  those  mixed  characters  in  whom  we  might 
otherwise  see  but  one  color ;  with  Shylock  and  with  Hamlet,  with 
Jeanie  Deans  and  with  Claverhouse,  with  Sancho  Panza  as  well 
as  with  Don  Quixote? 

On  the  other  hand,  there  is  a  danger  of  too  much  converse  with 
fiction  leading  us  into  Dreamland,  or  rather  into  Lubber-land.  Of 
course,  this  "  too  much  converse"  implies  large  converse  with  in- 
ferior writers.  Such  writers  are  too  apt  to  make  life  as  they 
would  have  it  for  themselves.  Sometimes,  also,  they  must  make 
it  to  suit  the  bookseller's  rules.  Having  such  power  over  their 
puppets  they  abuse  it.  They  can  kill  these  puppets ;  change  their 
natures  suddenly,  reward  or  punish  them  so  easily,  that  it  is  no 
wonder  they  are  led  to  play  fantastic  tricks  with  them.  Now  if 
a  sedulous  reader  of  the  works  of  such  writers  should  form  his 
notions  of  real  life  from  them,  he  would  occasionally  meet  with 
rude  shocks  when  he  encountered  the  realities  of  that  life. 

For  my  own  part,  notwithstanding  all  the  charms  of  life  in 
swiftly  written  novels,  I  prefer  real  hfe,  where  nothing  is  tied  up 
neatly,  but  all  in  odds  and  ends;  where  the  doctrine  of  compensa- 
tion  enters  largely;  where  we  are  often  more  blamed  when  we 
least  deserve  it;  where  there  is  no  third  volume  to  make  things 
straight ;  and  where  many  an  Augustus  marries  many  a  Belinda, 
and,  instead  of  being  happy  ever  afterwards,  finds  that  there  is  a 
growth  of  trials  and  troubles  for  each  successive  period  of  man's 
life. 

In  considering  the  subject  of  fiction,  the  responsibility  of  the 
writers  thereof  is  a  matter  worth  pointing  out.  We  see  clearly 
enough  that  histories  are  to  be  limited  by  facts  and  probabihties, 
but  we  are  apt  to  make  a  large  allowance  for  the  fancies  of  writers 
of  fiction.  We  must  remember,  however,  that  fiction  is  not  false- 
hood. If  the  writer  puts  abstract  virtues  into  book  clothing,  and 
sends  them  upon  stilts  into  the  world,  he  is  a  bad  writer.  If  he 
classifies  men,  attributes  all  virtue  to  one  class  and  all  vice  to 
another,  he  is  a  false  writer.  Then,  again,  if  his  ideal  is  so  poor 
that  he  fancies  men's  welfare  to  consist  in  immediate  happiness— 
if  he  means  to  paint  a  great  man  and  paints  only  a  greedy  one— 


THE  reporter's  ASSISTANT.  ,  35 

he  is  a  mischievous  writer:  and  not  the  less  so  ahhough  by  lamp- 
light and  amongst  a  juvenile  audience,  his  coarse  scene-painting 
should  be  thought  very  grand.  He  may  be  true  to  his  own  fancy, 
but  is  false  to  nature.  The  writer,  of  course,  cannot  get  beyond 
his  own  ideal ;  but,  at  least,  he  should  see  that  he  works  up  to  it, 
and  if  it  is  a  poor  one,  he  had  better  write  histories  of  the  utmost 
concentration  of  dullness,  than  amuse  us  with  unjust  und  untrue 
imaginings. 

{From  "  Friends  in  Council.'") 

§  23.— HINTS  TO  NOVITIATE  REPORTERS.* 
(An  Exercise  for  Practice.     See  Key.) 

The  first  piece  of  advice  we  should  give  to  the  novitiate  re- 
porter is  that  which  is  contained  in  the  Reporter's  Book,  and  which 
cannot  be  too  often  impressed  upon  the  mind.  "  The  young  pho- 
nographer  should  never  let  his  desire  to  write  sieiftly,  exceed  his 
determination  to  write  correctly.  It  is  the  same  in  short-hand  as 
in  long-hand;  he  that  first  learns  to  write  well  will  in  the  course 
of  time  write  both  well  and  quickly,  whereas  he  that  dashes  away 
at  the  commencement,  before  his  hand  is  habituated  to  truth  of 
form,  will  never  write  well,  and  though  he  may  write  quickly  he 
can  never  read  what  he  has  written  with  any  degree  of  rapidity 
and  certainty.-'  We  have  known  several  amateur  phonographers 
who,  by  dint  of  practice,  have  acquired  the  ability  to  take  down 
nearly  the  whole  of  a  lecture  or  address,  but  who,  from  not  having 
attended  to  the  advice  here  given  have  found  it  a  matter  of  con- 
siderable difficulty  to  transcribe  their  report.  Had  they  adopted 
the  plan  of  moving  slowly  and  surely,  the  end  they  have  in  view 
would  be  much  more  speedily  attained. 

With  this  caution  we  would  point  out  some  of  the  methods 
which  may  be  adopted  by  those  who  are  anxious  to  transfer  to 
paper  the  words  of  a  speaker  as  they  proceed  from  his  lips. 

•  From  an  article  by  T.  A.  Reid  in  the  Reporter's  Magazine 
for  March  1 847. 


36  THE  reporter's  assistant. 

First,  we  would  remark  that  no  one  should  neglect  to  take  down 
as  much  as  possible  of  the  sermons,  speeches,  &c.,  he  may  hear. 
Many  phonographers,  anxious  no  doubt  to   forward  themselves, 
often  let  slip  many  a  golden  opportunity  which  is  afforded  them 
^  of  taking  notes  of  public  addresses:  in  some  instances,  we  think, 
owing  to  their   having  met  with   but  little   success   in   their  first 
endeavors.    First  attemjjts  at  reporting  are  seldom  successful,  and 
often  have  the  effect  of  disheartening  the  practitioner,  but  if  they 
are  assiduously  persevered  in  they  never  fail  to  command  success. 
As  advised  in  the  Reporter's  Book,  we  recommend  the  writer  who 
cannot  take  a  verbatim  report  to  write,  as  far  as  possible,  complete 
sentences  rather  than  detached  phrases  having  no  connection.     It 
is   by  no  means  necessary  that  he  should  study  to  write   in  the 
most  abbreviated  style  at  first,  for  by  this  course  the  mind  is  apt 
to  become   embarrassed  and  little  progress  is  consequently  made. 
We  recommend  that  every  report   taken   should  be  carefully  re- 
vised.   This  practice  will  be  attended  with  most  beneficial  results. 
Another  method  of  practice  which  has  often  been  referred  to  is  that 
of  writing  from  another  person's  reading.     The  chief  part  of  our 
own  practice  during  the  first  two  years  of  our  acquaintance  with 
phonography  was  from  dictation,  and  we  can  therefore  confidently 
speak  of  its  excellency,  and   recommend  its  universal  adoption. 
Simple  books  should  be  first  chosen,  or  reports  from  newspapers- 
after  which  more  diflicult  subjects  may  be  treated  of     Though  a 
revision  of  the  notes  may  not  be  so  necessary  in  this  case  as  in 
the  former,  yet  much  benefit  will  be  derived  from  the  perusal  of 
what  has  been  written.     Where  it  is  practicable,  phonographers 
should  meet  together  for  practice,  each  reading  in  his  turn  for 
about  a  quarter  of  an  hour  at  a  time. 


Note. — In  the  following  Key  we  have  occasionally  dotted  in  a 
line  to  show  the  position  of  certain  words.  It  will,  however,  be 
of  advantage  to  the  reader  to  rule  lines  between  the  ticks  on  the 
marginal  columns,  by  which  he  will  be  enabled  to  ascertain  readily 
the  positions  of  all  the  outlines. 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 

This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 


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»■!-»    A  T1"V 


Z56   Patterson- 
r27r  The  reporter's 


assistant. 


LIBRARY  FACILITY 


928    9 


Z56 
P27r 


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